AROC IROC Explorer

Use nearby average rates of change to estimate an instantaneous rate of change.

AP Calculus · Lesson 1
Secant line AB — slope = AROCTangent line at A — slope = IROCΔt and Δs

Live values

Functions(t) = t²
Fixed point A(2, 4)
Movable point B(3.00, 9.00)
Δt = b − 21.00
Δs = s(b) − 45.00

AROC = Δs / Δt

5.000

5.00 / 1.00

B is exactly on A, soΔt = 0 and the quotient is 0/0undefined. There is no secant line through a single point. The tangent line is still there, and IROC is still4: the limit describes where the AROC values are heading, not the value at b= 2.

IROC at A

4

slope of the tangent line

Drag point B

3.00
1.52 (point A)3.5
Jump to:
Average Rate of Change (AROC)
Change over an interval.
Instantaneous Rate of Change (IROC)
Change at one instant.

Key idea

A limit asks where the function is going, not where it is.